A significant portion of the alcohol we consume is absorbed in the small intestine. When we drink alcohol on an empty stomach, the small intestine quickly absorbs the alcohol into the bloodstream. However, when we have food in our stomach, the absorption rate of alcohol slows down, resulting in a slower intoxication process and fewer negative effects.

This article is specifically for all the adolescents who are eagerly waiting to reach the legal drinking age!

Most likely, you have already come across the advice of not drinking on an empty stomach, but have you ever wondered why? What is the scientific explanation behind this age-old saying? Let’s delve into it!

Alcohol Absorption By The Digestive System

Alcohol, the liquid that we consume, is the same as ethanol or ethyl alcohol that we learn about in chemistry. It is a molecule that has a positive and negative end and can dissolve easily in other substances that have a similar structure, such as water, acetone, and blood.

A small amount of alcohol is absorbed in the mouth, where tiny blood vessels take in the alcohol. The stomach also absorbs a small percentage of alcohol, but most of it is absorbed in the small intestine.

The formula for ethanol is shown above. (Photo Credit : Lukáš Mižoch/Wikimedia commons)

The alcohol concentration in most organs in the body becomes equal to the concentration in the bloodstream. However, the liver is an exception. The liver is the main organ responsible for breaking down alcohol. It also receives an additional amount of alcohol directly from the intestine through the hepatic portal system. Additionally, organs with a rich blood supply, such as the brain and lungs, can absorb alcohol more quickly.

Alcohol Breakdown in the Body

A small portion, approximately 10%, of the alcohol consumed is eliminated from the body through sweat, urine, and breath. This is the reason behind the unpleasant smell that can occur after alcohol consumption, as the body is expelling it. It also explains the increased body heat and potential sweating while drinking. To learn more about the impact of alcohol on urination, click here.

For the remaining 90% of alcohol consumed, the liver plays a crucial role. The liver contains an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase, which breaks down the alcohol into different compounds. These compounds are further metabolized to eventually form carbon dioxide and water, which are then excreted from the body.

Excessive alcohol consumption can pose problems for the liver. (Photo Credit: Komvell/Shutterstock)

Link to image: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/figure-alcoholic-drinking-bottle-48506497

Caption: Consuming excessive amounts of alcohol can have negative effects on the liver.

Interestingly, alcohol acts as a diuretic, causing the kidneys to work more efficiently. This results in an increased production of urine as the body eliminates the byproducts of alcohol metabolism. To learn more about the effects of alcohol on urination, click here.

The Effects of Consuming Alcohol on an Empty Stomach

The rate at which alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream is influenced by various factors, including gender, age, and alcohol tolerance.

When alcohol is consumed on an empty stomach, it is absorbed into the body more rapidly. The highest levels of alcohol in the blood occur approximately one hour after drinking on an empty stomach, especially if the alcohol content is between 20-30%. Drinking carbonated beverages, like champagne or whiskey with soda, can speed up the absorption of alcohol in the body.

Nevertheless, the absorption of alcohol is slowed down by the presence of food, particularly carbohydrates. The increase in blood alcohol levels is less significant compared to when the stomach is empty. This is because the body needs to absorb not only alcohol but also carbohydrates or any other type of food, resulting in a decrease in the rate at which alcohol is taken up into the bloodstream. In essence, the body’s absorption system is divided between alcohol and food. Additionally, carbohydrates are absorbed more easily and quickly than fats, for instance.

The Impact of Consuming Alcohol on an Empty Stomach on Your Body

As previously stated, when alcohol is consumed without food, it is rapidly absorbed by the body, particularly in the small intestine. This leads to an intensified effect of alcohol due to the quick absorption. Early and rapid impairment of cognitive function and coordinated movement occurs as a result.

Effects of Drinking Alcohol on an Empty Stomach

Consuming alcohol in excessive quantities without eating beforehand can exacerbate the symptoms of a hangover. This can include experiencing severe nausea, vomiting, and debilitating headaches. The duration of the hangover can also be extended when alcohol is consumed on an empty stomach. In addition to disrupting sleep, it can result in sensitivity to light and sound, intense thirst, and impaired cognitive function.

What Are Your Options When You Have a Glass of Alcohol and an Empty Stomach?

The key is to allow your body enough time to absorb, process, and eliminate the alcohol you have consumed, while still carrying out its regular bodily functions.

It is important to have a meal, preferably carbohydrates like rice, before consuming alcohol. Alternatively, you can eat and drink at the same time. If you are unable to find food, it is recommended to dilute your alcoholic drink with water or a non-alcoholic beverage such as juice. Drinking slowly and gradually allows your body to absorb alcohol in smaller amounts, reducing the severity of its effects.

Summary

To summarize, it is recommended to eat some food, either partially or completely, at least one hour before consuming alcohol. This allows your body enough time to process the alcohol properly. Interestingly, it has been found that the enjoyable effects of alcohol are enhanced when consumed with a meal or when diluted. This provides pleasure for both your body and your taste buds, without the discomfort of an empty stomach!